Rio's operations improved under Stausholm, but investors questioned his lack of technical expertise from the start.

The tax on mineral extraction, including copper, was introduced in 2012. Poland’s biggest copper miner KGHM paid 3.87 billion zlotys in tax in 2024, according to its annual report.

Zimbabwe’s Kuvimba Mining House is seeking to raise $950 million to invest in raising its gold and lithium output, CEO Trevor ...